The idea of having treatment involving injections can be very nerve racking for patients who may have a fear of needles or possibly a bad prior experience. This is why we always offer IV conscious sedation for the majority of our procedures.  Typically the most pain a patient must endure on procedure day is placement of an IV. Dr. Lepis is certified and has been providing sedation to his patients for over 25 years.  Many times an anesthesiologist is also available to make sure the patient has a pain and stress free procedure. The majority of procedures are performed under live X ray to help precisely direct the probe and or medications to the intended target significantly improving treatment outcomes and reducing potential complications. Although all procedures offered have potential risks the overall chance of medical complications are extremely remote. The following are descriptions of commonly employed treatments and how they are utilized.